Los rellenos sanitarios como fuente de contaminación del agua subterránea por infiltración de lixiviados: efectos en la salud y el medio ambiente
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oct 10, 2022
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Miriam Aidé García-Colindres
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-4586
Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-7117
Carolina Álvarez Bastida
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-8124
Ivonne Linares-Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-8491
Verónica Martínez-Miranda
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-9249
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-4586
Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-7117
Carolina Álvarez Bastida
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-8124
Ivonne Linares-Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-8491
Verónica Martínez-Miranda
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-9249
Resumen
El impacto ambiental originado por el crecimiento y concentración de la población, afecta de manera directa la cantidad de desechos sólidos urbanos que se generan, convirtiéndose en uno de los desafíos que enfrenta todo el mundo. Un relleno sanitario es una obra de infraestructura que involucra métodos de ingeniería para la disposición final de los RSU y de manejo especial, con el fin de controlar, a través de la compactación e infraestructura adicionales, los impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, se ha observado que muchos de ellos funcionan como sitios controlados causado grave contaminación al agua subterránea debido a la fuga de lixiviados por ser un producto de complejos proceso biológicos y fisicoquímicos que ocurren durante su almacena- miento y degradación. Este estudio analizó artículos científicos de diferentes países. En los diversos estudios se han detectado numerosos contaminantes del agua subterránea, así como indicadores de materia orgánica. Generalmente, se ha citado que la contaminación del agua subterránea aparece en la etapa inicial del relleno sanitario después de cinco años y alcanza su punto máximo de contaminación. Las concentraciones de los contaminantes provenientes de rellenos sanitarios disminuyen exponencial- mente a medida que aumentaba la distancia a las fuentes de agua. Por lo tanto, la contaminación del agua subterránea aparece principalmente a distancias cortas de un re- lleno sanitario, observado este comportamiento en gran parte del agua subterránea. En este documento se describen las concentraciones máximas de los contaminantes que se han reportado, así como los factores que influyen en la presencia de éstos, su impacto a la salud y ambiente.
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GARCÍA-COLINDRES, Miriam Aidé et al.
Los rellenos sanitarios como fuente de contaminación del agua subterránea por infiltración de lixiviados: efectos en la salud y el medio ambiente.
Ideas en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 1-15, oct. 2022.
ISSN 2992-7447.
Disponible en: <https://ideasencienciasingenieria.uaemex.mx/article/view/17324>. Fecha de acceso: 26 ago. 2026
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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2. Abiriga, D., Vestgarden, L. S. & Klempe, H. (2020). Groundwater contamination from a municipal land fill: Effect of age , land fill closure, and season on groundwater chemestry. Science of the Total Environment, 737(10), 140307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140307
3. Adamcová, D., Radziemska, M., Ridošková, A., Bartoň, S., Pelcová, P., Elbl, J., Kynický, J., Brtnický, M. & Vaverková, M. D. (2017). Environmental assessment of the effects of a municipallandfill on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Tanacetum vulgare L. Chemosphere, 185, 1011–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.060
4. Ahamad, A., Raju, N. J., Madhav, S., Gossel, W. & Wycisk, P. (2019). Impact of non-engineered Bhalswa landfill on groundwater from Quaternary alluvium in Yamuna flood plain and potential human health risk, New Delhi, India. Quaternary International, 507, 352–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.011
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6. Aromolaran, O., Fagade, O. E., Aromolaran, O. K., Faleye, E. T. & Faerber, H. (2019). Assessment of groundwater pollution near Aba-Eku municipal solid waste dumpsite. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(12), 718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7886-1
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8. Chakraborty, S. & Kumar, R. N. (2016). Assessment of groundwater quality at a MSW landfill site using standard and AHP based water quality index: a case study from Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5336-x
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11. Jayawardhana, Y., Kumarathilaka, P., Herath, I. & Vithanage, M. (2016). Municipal Solid Waste Biochar for Prevention of Pollution From Landfill Leachate. In M. N. V. Prasad and K. Shih (Eds). Environmental Materials and Waste(pp. 117–148). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803837-6.00006-8
12. Li, L., Li, Z., Liu, D. & Song, K. (2020). Evaluation of partial nitrification efficiency as a response to cadmium concentration and microplastic polyvinylchloride abundance during landfill leachate treatment. Chemosphere, 247, 125903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125903
13. Li, P., Karunanidhi, D., Subramani, T. & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2021). Sources and Consequences of Groundwater Contamination. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-020-00805-z
14. Mishra, S., Tiwary, D., Ohri, A. & Agnihotri, A. K. (2019). Impact of municipal solid waste landfill leachate on groundwater quality in Varanasi, India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 9, 100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100230
15. Munagala, S., Chaitanya, D., Jagarapu, K. & Ratnamala Reddy B. S. S. (2020). Determination of water quality index for ground water near municipal dump site in Guntur. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33(1),724-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.030
16. Olorunfemi, A. O., Alao-Daniel, A. B., Adesiyan, T. A. & Onah, C. E. (2021). Geochemical assessment of heavy metal impact on soil around Ewu-Elepe Dumpsite, Lagos State, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Science, 22(3), 119–138. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.10
17. Przydatek, G. (2021). Using advanced statistical tools to assess the impact of a small landfill site on the aquatic environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(2), 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-08850-4
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19. Tenodi, S., Kr, D., Agbaba, J., Zrni, K., Radenovi, M.,& Ubavin, D. (2020). Assessment of the environmental impact of sanitary and unsanitary parts of a municipal solid waste landfill. Journal of Environmental Management, 258, 110019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110019
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21. WHO. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda.World Health Organization.
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23. Xie, H., Chen, Y., Thomas, H. R., Sedighi, M., Masum, S. A. & Ran, Q. (2016). Contaminant transport in the sub-surface soil of an uncontrolled landfill site in China: site investigation and two-dimensional numerical analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(3), 2566–2575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5504-5