Efectos ambientales del drenaje ácido de mina y su tratamiento
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oct 10, 2022
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Romel González-Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-0287
Verónica Martínez-Miranda
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-9249
Ivonne Linares-Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-8491
Raúl Cortés-Martínez
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-2403
Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-7117
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-0287
Verónica Martínez-Miranda
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-9249
Ivonne Linares-Hernández
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7302-8491
Raúl Cortés-Martínez
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-2403
Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-7117
Resumen
La minería es una actividad industrial de gran importancia para el desarrollo científico, tecnológico, arquitectura, salud y telecomunicaciones. México es caracterizado por su riqueza de especies minerales que alberga su diversidad geológica, que promueve gran interés entre compañías mineras nacionales e internacionales (Ramírez Macedonio & García Castro, 2020).
Por otro lado, la minería genera grandes cantidades de desechos que no son tratados y provocan graves problemas ambientales (Mafra et al., 2020). El Drenaje Ácido de Mina (DAM) resulta de la oxidación química y bacteriana de minerales sulfurados como la pirita (FeS2), en condiciones atmosféricas durante la extracción de minerales metálicos y carbón.
El impacto adverso que causa el DAM sobre la vida acuática y la calidad de los cuerpos de agua es preocupante debido a la movilidad de ácidos, sulfatos y metales (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni), metaloides (As) y sólidos en suspensión (Akcil & Koldas, 2006; Alonso et al., 2020; Kefeni et al., 2018; Nqombolo et al., 2019; Rodríguez-Galán et al., 2019); esta contaminación es un problema global debido a su toxicidad y bioacumulación (Atangana & Oberholster, 2021; Ayala & Fernández, 2019; Pan et al., 2021; Sahoo et al., 2020). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los impactos del DAM, los avances y las propuestas para su manejo, tratamiento y mitigación.
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Como citar
GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Romel et al.
Efectos ambientales del drenaje ácido de mina y su tratamiento.
Ideas en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 16-28, oct. 2022.
ISSN 2992-7447.
Disponible en: <https://ideasencienciasingenieria.uaemex.mx/article/view/17325>. Fecha de acceso: 26 ago. 2026
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Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
Citas
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20. Kefeni, K. K., Msagati, T. A. M., Nkambule, T. T. I. & Mamba, B. B. (2018). Synthesis and application of hematite nanoparticles for acid mine drainage treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(2), 1865-1874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.02.037
21. Lutz Ley, A. N. (2020). Minería y seguridad hídrica en el noroeste de México: un análisis de doble exposición. Región y Sociedad, 32, e1295. https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2020/32/1295
22. Mafra, C., Bouzahzah, H., Stamenov, L. & Gaydardzhiev, S. (2020). Insights on the effect of pyrite liberation degree upon the acid mine drainage potential of sulfide flotation tailings. Applied Geochemistry, 123, 104774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104774
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26. Menzel, K., Barros, L., García, A., Ruby-Figueroa, R. & Estay, H. (2021).Metal sulfide precipitation coupled with membrane filtration process for recovering copper from acid mine drainage. Separation and Purification Technology, 270, 118721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118721
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30. Pan, Y., Ye, H., Li, X., Yi, X., Wen, Z., Wang, H., Lu, G. & Dang, Z. (2021). Spatial distribution characteristics of the microbial community and multi-phase distribution of toxic metals in the geochemical gradients caused by acid mine drainage, South China. Science of the TotalEnvironment, 774, 145660.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145660
31. Park, I., Tabelin, C. B., Jeon, S., Li, X., Seno, K., Ito, M. & Hiroyoshi, N. (2019). A review of recent strategies for acid mine drainage prevention and mine tailings recycling. Chemosphere, 219, 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.053
32. Pat-Espadas, A. M., Portales, R. L., Amabilis-Sosa, L. E., Gómez, G. & Vidal, G. (2018). Review of constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage treatment. Water, 10(11), 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111685
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2. Alcalá-Delgado, A. G., Lugo-Lugo, V., Linares-Hernández, I., Martínez-Miranda, V., Fuentes-Rivas, R. M. & Ureña-Nuñez, F. (2018). Industrial wastewater treated by galvanic, galvanic Fenton, and hydrogen peroxide systems. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 22(1–12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.01.001
3. Alonso, D. L., Pérez, R., Okio, C. K. Y. A. & Castillo, E. (2020). Assessment of mining activity on arsenic contamination in surface water and sediments in southwestern area of Santurbán paramo, Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management, 264, 110478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110478
4. Ambiado, K., Bustos, C., Schwarz, A. & Bórquez, R. (2017). Membrane technology applied to acid mine drainage from copper mining. Water Science and Technology, 75(3), 705-715. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.556
5. Atangana, E. & Oberholster, P. J. (2021). Using heavy metal pollution indices to assess water quality of surface and groundwater on catchment levels in South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 182, 104254.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104254
6. Ayala, J. & Fernández, B. (2019). Treatment from abandoned mine landfill leachates. Adsorption technology. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(3), 2732–2740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.04.009
Bai, S., Bi, Y., Li, J., Yu, P., Ding, Z., Lv, C. & Wen, S. (2021). Innovative utilization of acid mine drainage (AMD): A promising activator for pyrite flotation once depressed in a high alkali solution (HAS)–Gearing towards a cleaner production concept of copper sulfide ore. Minerals Engineering, 170, 106997.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.106997
7. Bwapwa, J. K., Jaiyeola, A. T. & Chetty, R. (2017). Bioremediation of acid mine drainage using algae strains: A review.South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2017.06.005
8. Carrillo Cisneros, E., Espinosa Guillén, S., Olguín Negrete, B. R. & Cuevas Contreras, T. (2015). Imagen del destino turístico frente a la contingencia ambiental del 2014 en el Estado de Sonora. La Revista de la Universidad Estatal de Sonora, 4, 9-27.
9. Carneiro Brandão Pereira, T., Batista dos Santos, K., Lautert-Dutra, W., de Souza Teodoro, L., de Almeida, V. O., Weiler, J., Homrich Schneider, I. A. & Reis Bogo, M. (2020). Acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by neutralization: Evaluation of physical-chemical performance and ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development. Chemosphere, 253, 1126665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126665
10. Castillo-Suárez, L. A., Lugo-Lugo, V., Linares-Hernández, I., Martínez-Miranda, V., Esparza-Soto, M. & Mier-Quiroga, M. D. L. Á. (2019). Biodegradability index enhancement of landfill leachates using a Solar Galvanic-Fenton and Galvanic-Fenton system coupled to an anaerobic–aerobic bioreactor. Solar Energy, 188, 989-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.010
11. COCHILCO. (2020). Proyección de consumo de agua en la minería del cobre 2020-2031.Dirección de Estudios y Políticas Públicas, DEPP 27/20.
12. Corriveau, M. C. & Jamieson, H. E. Parsons, M. B. & Hall, G. E. M. (2011). Mineralogical characterization of arsenic in gold mine tailings from three sites in Nova Scotia. Geochemistry Exploration Environment Analysis11(3), 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1144/1467-7873/09-246
13. Csavina, J., Field, J., Taylor, M. P., Gao, S., Landázuri, A., Betterton, E. A. & Sáez, A. E. (2012). A review on the importance of metals and metalloids in atmospheric dust and aerosol from mining operations. Science of the Total Environment, 433, 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.013
14. Csavina, J., Landázuri, A., Wonaschütz, A., Rine, K., Rheinheimer, P., Barbaris, B., Conant, W., Sáez, A. E. & Betterton, E. A. (2011). Metal and metalloid contaminants in atmospheric aerosols from mining operations. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 221(1–4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0777-x
15. EPA (2011). Method 1627: Kinetic test method for the prediction of mine drainage quality. USA environmental protection agency: Washington D.C., EPA-821-R-09-002
16. Foudhaili, T., Lefebvre, O., Coudert, L. & Neculita, C. M. (2020). Sulfate removal from mine drainage by electrocoagulation as a stand-alone treatment or polishing step. Minerals Engineering, 152, 106337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106337
17. Gaikwad, R. W. & Gupta, D. V. (2008). Review on removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,6(3), 81-98. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0603_081098
18. Gutiérrez-Ruiz M. & Moreno Turrent M. (1995). Los residuos en la minería mexicana, en F.. J.. Garfias Ayala y L. Barojas Weber (Eds.), Residuos peligrososen México(pp. 37-44). Semarnap/INE, México D.F.
19. Kaur, G., Couperthwaite, S. J., Hatton-Jones, B. W. & Millar, G. J. (2018). Alternative neutralisation materials for acid mine drainage treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 22, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.01.004
20. Kefeni, K. K., Msagati, T. A. M., Nkambule, T. T. I. & Mamba, B. B. (2018). Synthesis and application of hematite nanoparticles for acid mine drainage treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(2), 1865-1874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.02.037
21. Lutz Ley, A. N. (2020). Minería y seguridad hídrica en el noroeste de México: un análisis de doble exposición. Región y Sociedad, 32, e1295. https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2020/32/1295
22. Mafra, C., Bouzahzah, H., Stamenov, L. & Gaydardzhiev, S. (2020). Insights on the effect of pyrite liberation degree upon the acid mine drainage potential of sulfide flotation tailings. Applied Geochemistry, 123, 104774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104774
23. Magowo, W. E.,Sheridan, C. & Rumbold, K. (2020). Global Co-occurrence of Acid Mine Drainage and Organic Rich Industrial and Domestic Effluent: Biological sulfate reduction as a co-treatment-option. Journal of Water Process Engineering,38, 101650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101650
24. Martínez-Macias, M. del R., Correa-Murrieta, M. A., Villegas-Peralta, Y., Dévora-Isiordia, G. E., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Saldivar-Cabrales, J. & Sánchez-Duarte, R. G. (2019). Uptake of copper from acid mine drainage by the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(7), 6311-6318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3963-1
25. Méndez-García, C., Peláez, A. I., Mesa, V., Sánchez, J., Golyshina, O. V. & Ferrer, M. (2015). Microbial diversity and metabolic networks in acid mine drainage habitats. In Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 475. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00475
26. Menzel, K., Barros, L., García, A., Ruby-Figueroa, R. & Estay, H. (2021).Metal sulfide precipitation coupled with membrane filtration process for recovering copper from acid mine drainage. Separation and Purification Technology, 270, 118721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118721
27. Moore, J. N. & Luoma, S. N. (1990). Hazardous wastes from large-scale metal extraction: A case study. Environmental Science and Technology, 24(9), 1278-1285. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00079a001
28. Moran, R. E. (2000). Is this number to your liking? Water quality predictions in mining impact studiesen D. Saraweitz, R. A. Pielke, Jr., and R. Byerly, Jr. (Eds), Prediction: Science, Decision Making and the Future of Nature (185-198). Island Press
29. Nqombolo, A., Mpupa, A., Gugushe, A. S., Moutloali, R. M. & Nomngongo, P. N. (2019). Adsorptive removal of lead from acid mine drainage using cobalt-methylimidazolate framework as an adsorbent: kinetics, isotherm, and regeneration. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(4), 3330-3339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3868-z
30. Pan, Y., Ye, H., Li, X., Yi, X., Wen, Z., Wang, H., Lu, G. & Dang, Z. (2021). Spatial distribution characteristics of the microbial community and multi-phase distribution of toxic metals in the geochemical gradients caused by acid mine drainage, South China. Science of the TotalEnvironment, 774, 145660.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145660
31. Park, I., Tabelin, C. B., Jeon, S., Li, X., Seno, K., Ito, M. & Hiroyoshi, N. (2019). A review of recent strategies for acid mine drainage prevention and mine tailings recycling. Chemosphere, 219, 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.053
32. Pat-Espadas, A. M., Portales, R. L., Amabilis-Sosa, L. E., Gómez, G. & Vidal, G. (2018). Review of constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage treatment. Water, 10(11), 1685. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111685
33. Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente. (20 de septiembre de 2015) Atiende PROFEPA 44 emergencias ambientales en los últimos dos años.Gobierno de México. https://www.profepa.gob.mx/innovaportal/v/7576/1/mx/atiende_profepa_44_emergencias_ambientales_en_los_ultimos_dos_anos.html.
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